Online teaching and learning have become popular during the COVID-19 school closure.

The COVID-19 pandemic situation has posed unprecedented challenges requiring teachers and students to adapt to teaching and learning online.

Until March 2020, the typical teaching situation at school was characterized by students who convened in classrooms according to their timetables and teachers covering their subjects’ standard content, frequently through formal lecturing.

Online Teaching and Learning

As part of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, tens of thousands of schools closed down. Although schools began partially re-opening months later, far-reaching restrictions remain in place. Any prediction as to when closures will end completely seems to be hardly possible at the moment. Consequently, teachers face significant challenges in adapting to online teaching and learning. Furthermore, maintaining at least a minimum of communication with students, and supporting students’ learning and development is also challenging. However, the extent to which teachers have successfully mastered these challenges and which factors are most relevant remain unknown. The extensive school closures occurred during an era that has generally been shaped by rapid transformation in technological innovations and digitalization.

Covid-19 Measures

As the COVID-19 Pandemic runs its course, many governments are implementing measures that encourage social distancing. Such measures have disrupted the normal functioning of schools and universities. The duration of such measures has been extensive. It is also likely to continue in some countries for a certain time until a vaccine becomes available. Leaders of public and private education institutions have put in place alternative methods for students and teachers to continue learning through online education.

Students with access to digital devices and the internet may not be the majority in most countries. However, supporting governments in establishing effective forms of online education will free up institutional capacities and resources in order to redirect their focus on delivering alternative learning methods. Especially for those students who do not have similar opportunities.

Educational Resources

This annotated selection of online educational resources intended for students, teachers and parents, aims to support governments and other education leaders as they research and assess different ways to continue educating students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. They may either directly incorporate some of these resources into their plan or using them as a model to develop their own online educational materials.

Write a draft literature review and methodology chapters. Develop research instruments, apply for ethics on the university site, and then collect data. So you have to start literature review -> identifying gaps in the knowledge -> revised research questions -> methodology -> developing research instruments -> collecting data -> analyzing them based on the theoretical framework developed from literature ->

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